Read this text book section (it is a .pdf file) and answer these questions:
1. Answer the THINK THROUGH HISTORY 'clarifying' question on page 551
2. Answer the SKILL BUILDER questions (1&2) on page 554
3. Answer questions 1 & 3 ONLY on page 556.
THINK THROUGH HISTORY 'clarifying'
According to Hobbes, why would people want to live under the rule of an absolute monarch?
According to Hobbes, all humans were naturally wicked and selfish; that without a government to keep order, there would be war among man. He stated that in order to escape from life that is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short, humans gave up their rights to a single, strong ruler. Giving up their rights to their ruler, humans was able to obtained law and order. Hobbes called this agreement between the people and the ruler to create a government, social contract.
SKILLBUILDER: Interpreting Charts
1. What important documents reflect the influence of Enlightenment ideas?
The ideas of the Enlightenment has had a major impact on the documents of our time. John Locke's idea of the three natural rights- life, liberty, and property was fundamental to the United States' Declaration of Independence. Voltaire's idea of a freedom of thought and expression as well as Beccaria's abolishment of torture can be seen in the Bill of Rights.
2. In your opinion, which are the two most important Enlightenment ideas? Support your answer with reasons.
In my opinion I think that the two most important Enlightenment ideas is the separation of powers and freedom of thoughts and expression. I think these two enlightenment ideas is the most important because it had the most impact. Separation of impact has impacted France, United States, and Latin America nations in their constitutions. It has helped to balanced the power of each branch in the government to prevent one branch from becoming too powerful. Freedom of thought and expression has given people several rights that are protected by certain documents such as the Bill of Rights.
1. TERMS & NAMES
Identify
• Enlightenment- A new movement that the ideas of the Scientific Revolution paves the way for, also known as the Age of Reason.
• social contract- An agreement by which people created government.
• John Locke- A philosopher who came up with the idea that all people are born free and equal rights.
• natural rights- An idea that John Locke came up with, stating that people are born free and equal with life, liberty, and property.
• philosophe- The social criitcs of the Enlightenment in France.
• Voltaire- A philosophe who came up with the idea of a freedom of thought, expression, and religion.
• Montesquieu- An influential French writer that called the division of power among different branches, separation of powers.
• separation of powers- The division of powers among the different branches in a government.
• Jean Jacques Rousseau- A philosophe who believes that a man was born free but this freedom and equality was destroyed because people became civilized.
• Mary Wollstonecraft- A woman that argued that women, like men, needs education to become virtuous and useful.
3. SYNTHESIZING
For each of the statements below, identify who said it and explain what it means. Then say how each viewpoint reflects Enlightenment ideas.
• “Power should be a check to power.”
This quote was stated by Baron de Montesquieu. The meaning of the quote is that each branch of government will serve as a check for the other branches to prevent any branches from becoming more powerful than the others.
• “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”
This quote was stated by Jean Jacques Rousseau. The meaning of the quote is that man has lived as free and equal as everyone else. But when man started to become civilized the strongest among the people forced everyone else to abide to unjust laws.
• “Let women share the rights and she will emulate the virtues of men.”
This quote was stated by Mary Wollstonecraft. The meaning of this quote is that if women were to share the same rights as men and get a better education, they too can become as useful and virtuous as men.
Sunday, September 26, 2010
Thursday, September 23, 2010
Current Events # 1
- Two New Dinosaur Species Are Discovered in Southern Utah
- By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
- September 22, 2010
- http://www.nytimes.com/
- http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2010/09/22/science/AP-US-Dinosaur-Discovery.html?_r=1&ref=science
- Scientists has discovered the fossils of two new dinosaur species.
- In the southern Utah desert, scientists has discovered fossils of two new species of dinosaurs. These two new species are said to be closely related to the Triceratops. The two plant eating dinosaurs that were discovered was named Kosmoceratops richardsoni and Utahceratops gettyi. The Kosmoceratops richardsoni is described to have 15 horns on its head, weighed about 2.5 tons and about 15 feet long. The Utahceratops gettyi is described to have 5 horns, weighed about 3 to 4 tons, and about 18 to 22 feet long. The discovery stated by paleontologists showed that horned dinosaurs evolved differently.
- I chose this new story because I have always been fascinated by dinosaurs. The dinosaurs that I knew of were completely different from one another. Reading the beginning of the article, I was amazed to learn that there was a dinosaur with 15 horns. This caused me to continue to read on since it was an incredible discovery.
- In class I have been learning about the great scientists of the Scientific Revolution. These scientists has made many discoveries that helped solve many problems that couldn't be solved at the time and it is these discoveries that helped to shape the future into what it is now. Reading the article, reminded me of these scientists. The discovery of two new dinosaur species helped to provide crucial information. Paleontologists have stated that this discovery showed that the horned dinosaurs living on the same continent had evolved differently. This new piece of information much like the discoveries in the past can help to solve many unanswered questions of today.
- By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
- September 22, 2010
- http://www.nytimes.com/
- http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2010/09/22/science/AP-US-Dinosaur-Discovery.html?_r=1&ref=science
- Scientists has discovered the fossils of two new dinosaur species.
- In the southern Utah desert, scientists has discovered fossils of two new species of dinosaurs. These two new species are said to be closely related to the Triceratops. The two plant eating dinosaurs that were discovered was named Kosmoceratops richardsoni and Utahceratops gettyi. The Kosmoceratops richardsoni is described to have 15 horns on its head, weighed about 2.5 tons and about 15 feet long. The Utahceratops gettyi is described to have 5 horns, weighed about 3 to 4 tons, and about 18 to 22 feet long. The discovery stated by paleontologists showed that horned dinosaurs evolved differently.
- I chose this new story because I have always been fascinated by dinosaurs. The dinosaurs that I knew of were completely different from one another. Reading the beginning of the article, I was amazed to learn that there was a dinosaur with 15 horns. This caused me to continue to read on since it was an incredible discovery.
- In class I have been learning about the great scientists of the Scientific Revolution. These scientists has made many discoveries that helped solve many problems that couldn't be solved at the time and it is these discoveries that helped to shape the future into what it is now. Reading the article, reminded me of these scientists. The discovery of two new dinosaur species helped to provide crucial information. Paleontologists have stated that this discovery showed that the horned dinosaurs living on the same continent had evolved differently. This new piece of information much like the discoveries in the past can help to solve many unanswered questions of today.
Tuesday, September 14, 2010
HW #5
1. TERMS & NAMES
Identify
• Scientific Revolution- A new way of thinking about the natural world. A way that was based on observations and a person's eagerness to question the accepted beliefs of their time.
• Nicolaus Copernicus- A Polish cleric and astronomer who came up with the Heliocentric theory in order to show that the stars, the earth, and the planets revolved around the Sun.
• Heliocentric theory- A theory created by Nicolas Copernicus to explain that the stars, the earth, and the planters revolved around the Sun.
• Johannes Kepler- The assistant of Tycho Brahe and a mathematician. He studied Brahe's data, which helped Kepler to conclude that certain laws govern the planet's motion. Kepler's laws showed that the planets revolved around and proved that Copernicus's ideas were true.
• Galileo Galilei- A Italian student whose findings frightened Catholic and Protestants. He discovered the law of the pendulum, proved Aristotle's theory that heavy objects fall faster than lighter objects to be false, and created his own telescope. With the telescope, Galileo was able to make observations of the sun, the moon, and the planets.
• Scientific method- A logical procedure for acquiring and testing ideas.
• Francis Bacon- An English politician and writer who helped to advance the approach of using the scientific method. In his works, Bacon attacked medieval scholars for believing the conclusions of Aristotle and urged scientists to observe the world and gather information.
• René Descartes- An important thinker who linked algebra and geometry to create analytical geometry. This became a new tool for scientific research. Modern scientific methods were based on his ideas.
• Isaac Newton- A English scientist who brought together the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo into a single theory of motion.
2. TAKING NOTES
Use a web diagram such as the one below to show the events and circumstances that led to the Scientific Revolution.
1. Scholars began to question the scientific ideas of the ancient thinkers or the Bible by observing nature for themselves. During the mid 1500s, scholars began to publish work that challenged the ideas of Ancient thinkers and the church. As old assumptions are replaced with new ideas, European thought began to change.
2. With the creation of the scientific method, Scientists began creating new tools/instruments to make observations.
3. During the Renaissance, there weren't any good explanations about nature.
4. People who used math as a tool for things began using it to get a better understanding of nature.
Identify
• Scientific Revolution- A new way of thinking about the natural world. A way that was based on observations and a person's eagerness to question the accepted beliefs of their time.
• Nicolaus Copernicus- A Polish cleric and astronomer who came up with the Heliocentric theory in order to show that the stars, the earth, and the planets revolved around the Sun.
• Heliocentric theory- A theory created by Nicolas Copernicus to explain that the stars, the earth, and the planters revolved around the Sun.
• Johannes Kepler- The assistant of Tycho Brahe and a mathematician. He studied Brahe's data, which helped Kepler to conclude that certain laws govern the planet's motion. Kepler's laws showed that the planets revolved around and proved that Copernicus's ideas were true.
• Galileo Galilei- A Italian student whose findings frightened Catholic and Protestants. He discovered the law of the pendulum, proved Aristotle's theory that heavy objects fall faster than lighter objects to be false, and created his own telescope. With the telescope, Galileo was able to make observations of the sun, the moon, and the planets.
• Scientific method- A logical procedure for acquiring and testing ideas.
• Francis Bacon- An English politician and writer who helped to advance the approach of using the scientific method. In his works, Bacon attacked medieval scholars for believing the conclusions of Aristotle and urged scientists to observe the world and gather information.
• René Descartes- An important thinker who linked algebra and geometry to create analytical geometry. This became a new tool for scientific research. Modern scientific methods were based on his ideas.
• Isaac Newton- A English scientist who brought together the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo into a single theory of motion.
2. TAKING NOTES
Use a web diagram such as the one below to show the events and circumstances that led to the Scientific Revolution.
1. Scholars began to question the scientific ideas of the ancient thinkers or the Bible by observing nature for themselves. During the mid 1500s, scholars began to publish work that challenged the ideas of Ancient thinkers and the church. As old assumptions are replaced with new ideas, European thought began to change.
2. With the creation of the scientific method, Scientists began creating new tools/instruments to make observations.
3. During the Renaissance, there weren't any good explanations about nature.
4. People who used math as a tool for things began using it to get a better understanding of nature.
Monday, September 13, 2010
HW #4
Read the section on page 333 called "CHURCH JUSTICE" (it's only 2 paragraphs).
1. Describe CANON LAW
Canon Law also known as the law of the Church is a justice system created by the Church to guide people's conduct. Every Christian was subjected to canon law including Kings and many other political leaders. Canon law covered many matters such as marriage.
2. Describe what might happen to a person, like a king, who didn't follow canon law?
With the establishment of canon law, the Church began to create courts in order to try people who had broken the rules of Canon law. The two harshest punishments a offender can face was excommunication and interdict. These punishments were used as threats by the pope to control the political rulers. Anyone subjected to excommunication was banished from the Church and any hopes for salvation was gone. If a king was excommunicated, all of his loyal subjects were relieved of their duties. The most harshest punishment in a pope's arsenal was the interdict. A king who has been interdict would prevent any sacraments and religious services to be performed on his land. At the time, everyone believed that without such religious services, one would be doomed to suffer in Hell.
1. Describe CANON LAW
Canon Law also known as the law of the Church is a justice system created by the Church to guide people's conduct. Every Christian was subjected to canon law including Kings and many other political leaders. Canon law covered many matters such as marriage.
2. Describe what might happen to a person, like a king, who didn't follow canon law?
With the establishment of canon law, the Church began to create courts in order to try people who had broken the rules of Canon law. The two harshest punishments a offender can face was excommunication and interdict. These punishments were used as threats by the pope to control the political rulers. Anyone subjected to excommunication was banished from the Church and any hopes for salvation was gone. If a king was excommunicated, all of his loyal subjects were relieved of their duties. The most harshest punishment in a pope's arsenal was the interdict. A king who has been interdict would prevent any sacraments and religious services to be performed on his land. At the time, everyone believed that without such religious services, one would be doomed to suffer in Hell.
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