HW #8

Read this text book section (it is a .pdf file) and answer these questions:
1. Answer the THINK THROUGH HISTORY 'clarifying' question on page 551
2. Answer the SKILL BUILDER questions (1&2) on page 554
3. Answer questions 1 & 3 ONLY on page 556.

THINK THROUGH HISTORY 'clarifying'
According to Hobbes, why would people want to live under the rule of an absolute monarch?
According to Hobbes, all humans were naturally wicked and selfish; that without a government to keep order, there would be war among man. He stated that in order to escape from life that is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short, humans gave up their rights to a single, strong ruler. Giving up their rights to their ruler, humans was able to obtained law and order. Hobbes called this agreement between the people and the ruler to create a government, social contract.

SKILLBUILDER: Interpreting Charts
1. What important documents reflect the influence of Enlightenment ideas?
The ideas of the Enlightenment has had a major impact on the documents of our time. John Locke's idea of the three natural rights- life, liberty, and property was fundamental to the United States' Declaration of Independence. Voltaire's idea of a freedom of thought and expression as well as Beccaria's abolishment of torture can be seen in the Bill of Rights.

2. In your opinion, which are the two most important Enlightenment ideas? Support your answer with reasons.
In my opinion I think that the two most important Enlightenment ideas is the separation of powers and freedom of thoughts and expression. I think these two enlightenment ideas is the most important because it had the most impact. Separation of impact has impacted France, United States, and Latin America nations in their constitutions. It has helped to balanced the power of each branch in the government to prevent one branch from becoming too powerful. Freedom of thought and expression has given people several rights that are protected by certain documents such as the Bill of Rights.

1. TERMS & NAMES
Identify
• Enlightenment- A new movement that the ideas of the Scientific Revolution paves the way for, also known as the Age of Reason.
• social contract- An agreement by which people created government.
• John Locke- A philosopher who came up with the idea that all people are born free and equal rights.
• natural rights- An idea that John Locke came up with, stating that people are born free and equal with life, liberty, and property.
• philosophe- The social criitcs of the Enlightenment in France.
• Voltaire- A philosophe who came up with the idea of a freedom of thought, expression, and religion.
• Montesquieu- An influential French writer that called the division of power among different branches, separation of powers.
• separation of powers- The division of powers among the different branches in a government.
• Jean Jacques Rousseau- A philosophe who believes that a man was born free but this freedom and equality was destroyed because people became civilized.
• Mary Wollstonecraft- A woman that argued that women, like men, needs education to become virtuous and useful.

3. SYNTHESIZING
For each of the statements below, identify who said it and explain what it means. Then say how each viewpoint reflects Enlightenment ideas.
• “Power should be a check to power.”
This quote was stated by Baron de Montesquieu. The meaning of the quote is that each branch of government will serve as a check for the other branches to prevent any branches from becoming more powerful than the others. 

• “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”
This quote was stated by Jean Jacques Rousseau. The meaning of the quote is that man has lived as free and equal as everyone else. But when man started to become civilized the strongest among the people forced everyone else to abide to unjust laws.

• “Let women share the rights and she will emulate the virtues of men.”
This quote was stated by Mary Wollstonecraft. The meaning of this quote is that if women were to share the same rights as men and get a better education, they too can become as useful and virtuous as men.